An ecotoxicological assessment of the state of the Uva River in the influence zone of the dairy plant wastewater was given. Bioindication was carried out based on macrozoobenthos indicators. A total of 129 species and taxa of higher rank of macrozoobenthos were identified. In the area below the wastewater discharge, a sharp decrease in biodiversity and a decrease in the Shannon index, Pielu evenness, EPT, TBI and BMWP were noted. At the same time, an increase in the role of oligochaetes in the community (Goodnight-Whitley index) and a significant increase in the number (up to 40.5 thousand specimens/m2) and biomass of macrozoobenthos (up to 155 g/m2) were noted. The saprobity index values varied from 1.7 to 7.0. In the upper reaches, a β-mesosaprobic zone is formed, in the middle reaches, the saprobity index ranges from 1.89 to 7, which corresponds to the β-mesosaprobic, α-mesosaprobic and polysaprobic zones. In the lower reaches, the saprobity indices are restored to the β-mesosaprobic zone. Biotesting of aqueous extract of bottom sediments on luminescent bacteria using the Ecolum test system showed acute toxicity at two stations located below the wastewater discharge. An ecological disaster zone has been identified, which is formed below the discharge of wastewater from the dairy plant in the village of Uva and extends approximately 25 km downstream.
small rivers, macrozoobenthos, biodiagnostics, bioindication, biotesting, Udmurt Republic
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