УДК 577.112.3 Аминокислоты и соединения аминокислот
В обзоре собраны сведения об участии аминокислот и дипептидов в поддержании осмотического гомеостаза у низших водных позвоночных – рыб (элазмобранхий, осетрообразных, костистых рыб) и бесчелюстных рыбообразных (миног, миксин). Основное внимание уделяется роли аминокислот как “совместимых осмолитов”, помогающих биологическим макромолекулам сохранять свою нативную конформацию и функции в условиях повышенной ионной силы. Также рассмотрены энергетическая роль аминокислот и роль промежуточных метаболитов. Результаты проведенной работы показали, что в качестве осмолитов в рассмотренных таксонах наиболее важную роль играют аминокислоты таурин, бета-аланин, саркозин и глицин, а после них – аланин, глутамат, глутамин и пролин. Обсуждается возможная роль гистидиновых дипептидов и дипептида лизин-пролин, для установления которой требуются дальнейшие исследования.
осмотический гомеостаз, рыбы, осмолиты, аминокислоты, дипептиды
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