УДК 547.416 Галогенпроизводные и нитропроизводные аминов
УДК 573.2 Теоретическая биология
В обзоре проведен анализ литературных данных по участию метиламинов в поддержании осмотического гомеостаза у круглоротых (миноги, миксины) и костистых рыб. Собраны измеренные за широкий период времени величины концентрации метиламинов (триметиламиноксида TMAO, бетаина и глицерофосфохолина GPC) в тканях представителей рассматриваемых таксонов. Приведены данные по изменению этих концентраций при смене солености среды. Использование метиламинов в осморегуляции характерно для морских (в меньшей степени эвригалинных) гидробионтов. Среди круглоротых миксины, но не миноги используют TMAO. Участие TMAO и бетаина в осморегуляции заметно у ряда морских костистых рыб (тресковых, скорпеновых, сельди, фундулюса, трехиглой колюшки), хотя основную роль у костистых играют аминокислоты и/или мио-инозитол. Пресноводные костистые рыбы не используют метиламины, за исключением нескольких случаев появления небольших количеств TMAO или бетаина при адаптации к морской воде. GPC играет роль минорного осмолита у некоторых костистых рыб.
осмотический гомеостаз, рыбы, круглоротые, осмолиты, метиламины, TMAO, бетаин, глицерофосфохолин
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