Transactions of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS Transactions of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS Труды Института биологии внутренних вод имени И.Д. Папанина Российской академии наук 0320-3557 2712-8377 73449 10.47021/0320-3557-2024-30-49 Экологическая физиология и биохимия гидробионтов Ecological Physiology and Biochemistry of Hydrobionts Экологическая физиология и биохимия гидробионтов THE ROLE OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN MAINTAINANCE OF THE OSMOTIC HOMEOSTASIS OF FISHES РОЛЬ СВОБОДНЫХ АМИНОКИСЛОТ В ПОДДЕРЖАНИИ ОСМОТИЧЕСКОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗА У РЫБ Филиппова А. Э. Filippova A. E. 15 01 2024 15 01 2024 104 30 49 14 07 2023 20 07 2023 https://ibiw.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/73449/view

В обзоре собраны сведения об участии аминокислот и дипептидов в поддержании осмотического гомеостаза у низших водных позвоночных – рыб (элазмобранхий, осетрообразных, костистых рыб) и бесчелюстных рыбообразных (миног, миксин). Основное внимание уделяется роли аминокислот как “совместимых осмолитов”, помогающих биологическим макромолекулам сохранять свою нативную конформацию и функции в условиях повышенной ионной силы. Также рассмотрены энергетическая роль аминокислот и роль промежуточных метаболитов. Результаты проведенной работы показали, что в качестве осмолитов в рассмотренных таксонах наиболее важную роль играют аминокислоты таурин, бета-аланин, саркозин и глицин, а после них – аланин, глутамат, глутамин и пролин. Обсуждается возможная роль гистидиновых дипептидов и дипептида лизин-пролин, для установления которой требуются дальнейшие исследования.

This article is a review of the data presented in literature describing the roles of free amino acids and dipeptides in maintenance of osmotic homeostasis in following groups of lower vertebrates: hagfishes, lampreys, elasmobranchs, sturgeons and bony fishes. The emphasis is made on the role of former metabolites as “compatible osmolytes”. Those are small organic metabolites preserving biological function and native structure of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids under action of high ionic power. Mechanism of this biological action is briefly described. Evolution of the main osmoregulatory strategies in lower vertebrates is briefly considered. The role of amino acids as energy sources helping to cover elevated demands of the organism during osmotic stress and the role of building blocks for synthesis of protein ionic channels, hormones, enzymes etc. participating in salinity coping strategies of the organism are also discussed. Amino acids playing the main role in osmotic adjustments of marine elasmobranchs are: taurine, beta-alanine, sarcosine, followed by glycine, alanine and proline. In freshwater elasmobranchs beta-alanine, taurine, proline, glycine, glutamine and glutamate can be used. In sturgeons main amino acids in osmoregulation can be glycine, beta-alanine, taurine, glutamate, glutamine. Finally, bony fishes use mainly taurine, proline, glycine, alanine, in particular species such as Monopterus albus – glutamine as compatible osmolytes. Bony fishes also use sarcosine, alanine, methionine, glutamate, aspartate as metabolic precursors of amino acid osmolytes. The role of dipeptides such as carnosine, anserine and dipeptide lysine-proline is controversial and requires further investigations.

 осмотический гомеостаз рыбы осмолиты аминокислоты дипептиды osmotic homeostasis fish osmolytes free amino acids dipeptides

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