Transactions of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS Transactions of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS Труды Института биологии внутренних вод имени И.Д. Папанина Российской академии наук 0320-3557 2712-8377 106566 10.47021/0320-3557-2025-101-123 Без рубрики Without rubric Без рубрики THE ROLE OF METHYLAMINES IN MAINTENANCE OF THE OSMOTIC HOMEOSTASIS OF CARTILAGINOUS FISHES AND COELACANTHS РОЛЬ МЕТИЛАМИНОВ В ПОДДЕРЖАНИИ ОСМОТИЧЕСКОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗА У ХРЯЩЕВЫХ И ЦЕЛАКАНТООБРАЗНЫХ РЫБ Филиппова А. Э. Filippova A. E. 12 11 2025 12 11 2025 110 101 123 24 03 2025 24 04 2025 https://ibiw.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/106566/view

В обзоре проанализированы литературные данные по участию метиламинов в поддержании осмотического гомеостаза у хрящевых и целакантообразных рыб, кроме того, кратко рассмотрены иные роли метиламинов, а также пути их синтеза и метаболизма. Описаны работы, исследующие адаптации рыб к изменениям солености среды. В основном, метиламины используются рыбами, накапливающими мочевину — это морские элазмобранхии и химеры, а также латимерии. Пресноводные хрящевые рыбы не накапливают в тканях ни мочевину, ни метиламины. Эвригалинные хрящевые рыбы накапливают мочевину и метиламины при обитании в морской воде, но не в пресной. Среди метиламинов важнейшую роль у всех изученных таксонов играет триметиламиноксид (ТМАО). Бетаин выступает дополнительным осмолитом у элазмобранхий и химер. Глицерофосфохолин играет минорную роль у ряда элазмобранхий, а роль саркозина как осмолита заметна у ряда скатов.

This article contains the review of existing literature considering roles methylamines in cartilaginous fishes and coelacanths, emphasizing their osmoregulatory role as “compatible osmolytes” — substances preserving biomolecules structure and function under high salinities. Methylamines presented are: trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), betaine, glycerophosphoholine (GPC) and sarcosine. Methylamines are usually used for osmoregulation by fishes accumulating urea in their bodies: those are marine cartilaginous fishes, elasmobranchs and chimaeras, and also latimeria (the only extant coelacanth). The reason is methylamines are most effective in opposing deleterious effect of urea on proteins. The main compatible osmolyte in marine elasmobranchs is TMAO, some of them also use betaine. For latimeria the literature contains data on the use of TMAO as main osmolyte. Freshwater elasmobranchs, Potamotrigonidae, do not accumulate urea or any methylamines in their bodies. Euryhaline elasmobranchs, such as Carcharhinus leucas, Dasyatis sabina, Himantura signifer, accumulate urea and methylamines, mainly TMAO, in seawater, but not in freshwater. GPC plays only minor role as osmolyte in fishes considered, and sarcosine is one of the main osmolythes in some skates and rays. Methylamines such as TMAO also function as depth and heat protectors, promote correct folding of many proteins. The metabolic scheme of methylamines in fish is also presented. Cartilaginous fishes have different capability of synthesizing TMAO from TMA, but all of them can synthesize betaine from choline. Latimeria seem to be capable of synthesizing TMAO. Dipnoan fishes accumulate urea under drought conditions but are not likely to accumulate methylamines as they do need inhibition of protein functions for their dormant state.

 осмотический гомеостаз рыбы осмолиты метиламины ТМАО бетаин глицерофосфохолин саркозин osmotic homeostasis fish osmolytes methylamines TMAO betaine sarcosine glycerophosphoholine Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания №124032500015-7.

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